UN Diabetes Day | Kāohi i ka maʻi diabetes, hoʻoikaika i ka maikaʻi

ʻO Nowemapa 14, 2025, hōʻailona i ka 19th UN Diabetes Day, me ke kumumanaʻo hoʻolaha "Diabetes and Well-being". Hoʻoikaika ia i ka waiho ʻana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke ola no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes ma ke kumu o nā lawelawe mālama ola maʻi diabetes, e hiki ai i nā poʻe maʻi ke hauʻoli i ke ola olakino.

Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ma kahi o 589 miliona mau mākua (20-79 makahiki) i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi diabetes, ʻo ia ka 11.1% (1 i ka 9) o kēia pūʻulu makahiki. Ma kahi o 252 miliona mau kānaka (43%) ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia, e kū ana i kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe o nā pilikia. Kuhi ʻia ka nui o ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi i ka 853 miliona ma 2050, he piʻi o 45%.

Etiology and Clinical Types of Diabetes

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes kahi ʻano o nā maʻi maʻi metabolic e pili ana i ke kō, ka protein, ka momona, ka wai, a me nā electrolytes, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano pathogenic like ʻole nā ​​kumu genetic, nā maʻi ʻōnaehana pale, nā maʻi microbial a me kā lākou mau meaʻawaʻawa, nā mea ʻawaʻawa manuahi, a me nā kumu noʻonoʻo e hana ana i ke kino. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau mea i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka hana islet, ka pale ʻana i ka insulin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā hihia maʻamau me ka polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, a me ke kaumaha o ke kaumaha, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻekolu polys a me hoʻokahi poho". Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia i loko o ka maʻi diabetes Type 1, Type 2 diabetes, Gestational diabetes, a me nā ʻano maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Nā mea hōʻailona ʻike maʻi diabetes

ʻO Islet autoantibodies nā hōʻailona o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka immune-mediated o nā pancreatic β cell a he mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes autoimmune. ʻO nā antibodies decarboxylase glutamic acid (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2A), insulin antibodies (IAA), a me islet cell antibodies (ICA) he mau hōʻailona immunological koʻikoʻi no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes autoimmune. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā antibodies maikaʻi i ka wā mua, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kanaka e holomua wikiwiki ana i ka maʻi diabetes.

Hōʻike ka noiʻi:

● Loaʻa i ka poʻe me ʻekolu a ʻoi aʻe paha nā antibodies maikaʻi he >50% ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi type 1 i loko o 5 mau makahiki.

● Loaʻa i ka poʻe me ʻelua mau antibodies maikaʻi he 70% ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi type 1 i loko o 10 mau makahiki, 84% i loko o 15 mau makahiki, a kokoke i 100% ka holomua i ka maʻi maʻi type 1 ma hope o 20 mau makahiki o ka hahai ʻana.

● He 14.5% wale nō ka pilikia o ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi type 1 i loko o 10 mau makahiki.

Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā antibodies maikaʻi, pili ka piʻi o ka piʻi ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi type 1 i nā ʻano o nā antibodies maikaʻi, ka makahiki i ka helehelena antibody, ke kāne, a me ka genotype HLA.

Hāʻawi ʻo Beier i nā hoʻokolohua maʻi diabetes

Loaʻa i nā ʻano hana moʻo hua maʻi diabetes ʻo Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) a me Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā biomarkers e kōkua i ka ʻike mua ʻana, ka hoʻokele olakino mua, a me ka mālama mua ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi diabetes, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā helu olakino kanaka.

Kuhikuhi:

1. Hui Ma'i Diabetes Kina, Hui Lapaau Lapaau Kina Hui Endocrinologist, Hui Kina o Endocrinology, et al. Ke alakaʻi no ka hōʻailona a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 1 ma Kina (2021 edition) [J]. Ka Nupepa Kina o ka Diabetes Mellitus, 2022, 14(11): 1143-1250. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220916-00474.

2. Kōmike Hoʻonaʻauao ʻOihana Kauka Wahine Kina, Papa Hoʻoponopono o ka Chinese Journal of Health Management, China Health Promotion Foundation. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o ka poʻe loea e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hana ʻana no ka poʻe maʻi diabetes kiʻekiʻe ma Kina. Nūpepa Pākē o ka hoʻokele olakino, 2022, 16(01): 7-14. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20211111-00677.